Diagrammatik der Architektur

Ist das ›unruhige Enzephalogramm‹, mit dem James Graham Ballard 1975 in seinem architekturkritischen Klassiker ›High Rise‹ die Silhouette von London gleichsetzt, schon gelesen worden? Oder selbstkritischer gefragt: Warum kann das Diagramm einen wesentlichen Aspekt zeitgenössischer Bildtheorie darstellen, während diese Kategorie im architektonischen Diskurs immer noch von den komplexen, letztlich aber instrumentell ausgerichteten Ansätzen der 1990er Jahre bestimmt wird? Auf einer Kölner Tagung im Januar 2011 wurde die Diagrammatik der Baukunst unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Ansätze der Bild- und Kulturtheorien neu bewertet. Die in diesem Band publizierten Beiträge aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen – Architektur, Pädagogik, Kunstgeschichte, Informatik – zu Themenbereichen vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart belegen, dass diagrammatische Darstellungen und Denkmuster in allen Bereichen der Architektur wichtig werden können, sei es für Lehre, Entwurf, Ausführung, Vermittlung oder Analyse. Ihre Fähigkeit, Momente der Operationalität, der Evidenz und der Spur zu vereinen, lassen sie zu einer Gelenkstelle zwischen verschiedenen zeitlichen und räumlichen Manifestationen von Architektur und ihren Medien werden

Experimental assessment of a pre-turbo aftertreatment configuration in a single stage turbocharged diesel engine. Part 2: Transient operation

This paper corresponds to the second part of a work devoted to analyse the impact of the pre-turbo aftertreatment configuration on the performance of a single stage turbocharged Diesel engine. This second part focuses on the analysis of the engine response under transient operating conditions. To address the causes and effects of the change in engine response several types of transient processes consisting of driving cycles and load transient tests have been evaluated as starting point of the analysis. These tests make possible to account for the influence of the aftertreatment thermal inertia and how it affects the engine and aftertreatment performance obtained during driving cycles and under highly demanding transient operation. The pre-turbo aftertreatment placement also provides advantages in terms of faster aftertreatment warm-up. Therefore, the benefits on DPF (diesel particulate filter) passive regeneration as well as DOC (diesel oxidation catalyst) light-off leading to lower gas emissions have been assessed. The results have been compared against baseline emissions measured during experiments with post-turbo aftertreatment placement. Finally the influence of the thermal inertia on driveability in sudden accelerations as a function of the wall temperature along the exhaust line and boosting architecture is assessed combining the analysis of experimental and modelled data.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through Grant No. TRA2013-40853-R.Lujan Martinez, JM.; Serrano Cruz, JR.; Piqueras Cabrera, P.; García Afonso, Ó. (2015). Experimental assessment of a pre-turbo aftertreatment configuration in a single stage turbocharged diesel engine. Part 2: Transient operation. Energy. 80:614-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.12.017S6146278

Status of the BELLE II Pixel Detector

The Belle II experiment at the super KEK B-factory (SuperKEKB) in Tsukuba, Japan, has been collecting $e^+e^−$ collision data since March 2019. Operating at a record-breaking luminosity of up to $4.7×10^{34} cm^{−2}s^{−1}$, data corresponding to $424 fb^{−1}$ has since been recorded. The Belle II VerteX Detector (VXD) is central to the Belle II detector and its physics program and plays a crucial role in reconstructing precise primary and decay vertices. It consists of the outer 4-layer Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD) using double sided silicon strips and the inner two-layer PiXel Detector (PXD) based on the Depleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DePFET) technology. The PXD DePFET structure combines signal generation and amplification within pixels with a minimum pitch of $(50×55) μm^2$. A high gain and a high signal-to-noise ratio allow thinning the pixels to $75 μm$ while retaining a high pixel hit efficiency of about $99$. As a consequence, also the material budget of the full detector is kept low at $≈0.21$$\frac{X}{X_0}$ per layer in the acceptance region. This also includes contributions from the control, Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), and data processing Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) as well as from cooling and support structures. This article will present the experience gained from four years of operating PXD; the first full scale detector employing the DePFET technology in High Energy Physics. Overall, the PXD has met the expectations. Operating in the intense SuperKEKB environment poses many challenges that will also be discussed. The current PXD system remains incomplete with only 20 out of 40 modules having been installed. A full replacement has been constructed and is currently in its final testing stage before it will be installed into Belle II during the ongoing long shutdown that will last throughout 2023

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Functional genomic screen and network analysis reveal novel modifiers of tauopathy dissociated from tau phosphorylation

A functional genetic screen using loss-of-function and gain-of-function alleles was performed to identify modifiers of tau-induced neurotoxicity using the 2N/4R (full-length) isoform of wild-type human tau expressed in the fly retina. We previously reported eye pigment mutations, which create dysfunctional lysosomes, as potent modifiers; here, we report 37 additional genes identified from ∼1900 genes screened, including the kinases shaggy/GSK-3beta, par-1/MARK, CamKI and Mekk1. Tau acts synergistically with Mekk1 and p38 to down-regulate extracellular regulated kinase activity, with a corresponding decrease in AT8 immunoreactivity (pS202/T205), suggesting that tau can participate in signaling pathways to regulate its own kinases. Modifiers showed poor correlation with tau phosphorylation (using the AT8, 12E8 and AT270 epitopes); moreover, tested suppressors of wild-type tau were equally effective in suppressing toxicity of a phosphorylation-resistant S11A tau construct, demonstrating that changes in tau phosphorylation state are not required to suppress or enhance its toxicity. Genes related to autophagy, the cell cycle, RNA-associated proteins and chromatin-binding proteins constitute a large percentage of identified modifiers. Other functional categories identified include mitochondrial proteins, lipid trafficking, Golgi proteins, kinesins and dynein and the Hsp70/Hsp90-organizing protein (Hop). Network analysis uncovered several other genes highly associated with the functional modifiers, including genes related to the PI3K, Notch, BMP/TGF-β and Hedgehog pathways, and nuclear trafficking. Activity of GSK-3β is strongly upregulated due to TDP-43 expression, and reduced GSK-3β dosage is also a common suppressor of Aβ42 and TDP-43 toxicity. These findings suggest therapeutic targets other than mitigation of tau phosphorylation

DYX1C1 is required for axonemal dynein assembly and ciliary motility

DYX1C1 has been associated with dyslexia and neuronal migration in the developing neocortex. Unexpectedly, we found that deleting exons 2–4 of Dyx1c1 in mice caused a phenotype resembling primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a disorder characterized by chronic airway disease, laterality defects and male infertility. This phenotype was confirmed independently in mice with a Dyx1c1 c.T2A start-codon mutation recovered from an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen. Morpholinos targeting dyx1c1 in zebrafish also caused laterality and ciliary motility defects. In humans, we identified recessive loss-of-function DYX1C1 mutations in 12 individuals with PCD. Ultrastructural and immunofluorescence analyses of DYX1C1-mutant motile cilia in mice and humans showed disruptions of outer and inner dynein arms (ODAs and IDAs, respectively). DYX1C1 localizes to the cytoplasm of respiratory epithelial cells, its interactome is enriched for molecular chaperones, and it interacts with the cytoplasmic ODA and IDA assembly factor DNAAF2 (KTU). Thus, we propose that DYX1C1 is a newly identified dynein axonemal assembly factor (DNAAF4)